US grocery retailer Kroger has seen customers shift more than USD12 billion of CPG spending to Amazon, Walmart and Costco over the past year, directly costing Kroger over USD1 billion, according to Numerator. Spending at Kroger and Ralphs fell USD715 million and USD516 million respectively, while Fry’s gained USD365 million. Lower-income Kroger shoppers reduced CPG spending by 5.2% YoY, although fresh private-label sales grew USD420 million. (Supermarket News)